Title : Supporting the surgeon: Ergonomic risk, musculoskeletal symptoms, and the case for systemic change
Abstract:
Cervical spine-related MusculosKeletal (MSK) symptoms are increasingly recognised among surgeons, with implications for wellbeing, performance, and workforce sustainability. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of cervical MSK symptoms in UK surgeons, and to identify opportunities for reducing ergonomic strain. A cross-sectional survey was distributed to surgeons across eight specialties, collecting data on demographics, symptom burden, occupational factors, and ergonomic practices. Eighty surgeons responded (68.8% consultants). A high symptom burden was observed, with 90% reporting at least one MSK symptom—most commonly stiffness (68.75%), pain (61.25%), and muscle spasms (50%). Microscope use was significantly associated with numbness (p = 0.043) and overall symptom prevalence (p = 0.013), while gender was significantly associated with stiffness (p = 0.002) and muscle spasms (p = 0.03). Height negatively correlated with spinal issues affecting career longevity (r = -0.23, p = 0.047), suggesting increased ergonomic strain among taller surgeons. Nearly one-third of respondents reported modifying clinical practice due to symptoms (28.75%), 20% had taken time off work, and 45% anticipated that symptoms might limit their ability to continue operating. Despite the high prevalence, only 31.25% had received formal training in surgical ergonomics. These findings highlight a substantial burden of cervical MSK symptoms, often emerging early and persisting across careers. There is an urgent need for ergonomic improvements, structured training, and institutional support to protect surgeon health, preserve surgical performance, and ensure long-term sustainability of the workforce.
