Title : The effect of gut microbiome on fibromyalgia
Abstract:
Background: Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition which is distinguished by widespread pain, fatigue and cognitive fogging (1). In the UK fibromyalgia is the most common cause of chronic pain with an estimated prevalence of 5.4% (2). New research is showing microbiome potentially being an integral part of the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia.
Aim: To explore the relationship between gut microbiome changes and fibromyalgia. Therefore, to better inform future fibromyalgia management strategies.
Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, NIH and Google Scholar databases. Studies examining changes in gut microbiome composition and inflammatory markers related to fibromyalgia and its symptoms.
Results: In one study, 90% of predominantly female fibromyalgia patients exhibited differences in gut microbiota (3). Some studies linked the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders which often occur alongside fibromyalgia and microbial imbalances, thereby suggesting a link between gut health and fibromyalgia symptoms (4). Additionally, broader research has highlighted the potential influence of microbiota on inflammatory pathways and immune responses, affecting pain trajectories (5). This area shows the need for further investigation specifically with fibromyalgia.
Conclusion: The changes in microbiota seem to contribute to the immune activation and changes in metabolism often seen in patients with fibromyalgia. More thorough research is required to improve understanding of the complex condition to open a new avenue for potentially targeting the gut microbiome for treating fibromyalgia. Although further high-quality research is needed, this emerging evidence could inform a more holistic, biopsychosocial approach in physical therapy management. This is important as the clinician should use the concept of gut brain pain connection for patient education and interdisciplinary care planning for individuals with fibromyalgia.
