Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a group of chronic autoimmune disorders characterized by inflammation of the joints in children under the age of 16. The exact cause is unknown, and it manifests as persistent joint pain, swelling, and stiffness. JIA includes several subtypes, such as oligoarthritis, polyarthritis, systemic arthritis, enthesitis-related arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and undifferentiated arthritis. Symptoms can vary, and JIA may affect other organs, leading to complications like uveitis. Diagnosis involves a thorough clinical evaluation, blood tests, and imaging studies. Treatment aims to control inflammation, relieve symptoms, and prevent joint damage. Medications, physical therapy, and in some cases, joint injections or surgery may be recommended. JIA requires a multidisciplinary approach involving pediatric rheumatologists, physical therapists, and other healthcare professionals. Prognosis varies, with many children experiencing improved symptoms as they transition into adulthood. Early diagnosis and prompt intervention are crucial for better outcomes in managing Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.