Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the gradual breakdown of cartilage in the joints. It is the most common form of arthritis and often affects weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, and spine, as well as hands.  In OA, the loss of cartilage leads to joint pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. As the condition progresses, bony growths or spurs may develop around the joint. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and sometimes joint fluid analysis. Treatment for osteoarthritis focuses on relieving symptoms and improving joint function. It includes lifestyle modifications, exercise, physical therapy, pain management, and, in severe cases, surgical interventions such as joint replacement. Ongoing research explores new therapies, including regenerative medicine approaches, to improve the management of osteoarthritis and enhance the quality of life for individuals affected by this common musculoskeletal disorder.